To answer this question we have to look back at the Christian history on the Hungarian territory. We consider the Lord's tomb chapel as the oldest church in Spania Dolina. According to Andrej Plško, it was built in 1194. It served as the first canonic place in the village for the Christians. In 1254 a roman chapel on the hillside above the village was rebuilt into a church with an apse, named the church of The Lord's Transfiguration, completed with a bastion „U Šimkov“. It is also said that under the altar there is a crypt where three village mayors were buried.

In the 15th century the Christian reformation reached The Upper Hungary. German settlers in Slovakia started to invite Lutheran priests and teachers. The new ideas started to spread throughout the country. In the 70s of the 16th century the majority of Slovak's parishes were already Lutheran. Such situation disturbed the Catholics so much that they started to become active, supported by ruling Habsburgs /strong Catholics/. They use this re-catholic movement to get their absolutistic way of ruling firmly rooted in their multinational kingdom.

In 1563 the church is mentioned as a place where Lutheran services were held. New mining technologies skilled settlers from Tirol were coming to Spania Dolina.
In such a difficult situation - fighting the Turks, the Habsburgs started to force Slovaks and Hungarians to convert to the Catholic Church. The Hungarian barons lead by Bockaj stood up against this. In the end in 1606 the czar and the Hungarian barons signed the Vienna peace document, in which the Czar accepted the Hungarians old law and thenceforth they could within their most rich nobles vote their palatine. So Juraj Thurso (Lutheran) became the next one. The new law about the freedom of religion was passed on in 1608, but re-Catholicism continued.

The Lutheran Spania Dolina's church still resisted. The year 1596 holds information that at Spania Dolina there are two Lutheran priests, one Slovak and one Germen. But year 1613 sees already an arrival of Jesuits to Slovakia.

The 3rd of September 1673 noblemen came with a letter to Spania Dolina's rectory. The letter was a summon for Adam Brestovinus the priest to come to Bratislava on 25th September that year. For he was ill he didn't go. On 9th of October the commander of the imperial army Matus Kollaldo call upon older miners from Spania Dolina asking them to bring the church keys and forth out the priest. The miners didn't obey.
On 13th of October troops came to Spania Dolina, but no, miners didn’t surround the keys. An armed conflict arose. Many miners were killed. After the combat the soldiers broke into the church, started looting the village. Miners with families fled to the mountains. They took along the priest who later on fled the country. The soldiers gave the church keys to Jesuits brothers, living in one of the houses in the village.
In 1673 an oak wooden staircase to the church had been built originally 143 steps (now 175) as a manifesto of the number of "new" catholic families in Spania Dolina, because each catholic family provided the church with one oak step.

In 1682 Tököly along with Turkish military supported took over Kosice. Turks crowned him as a King of Middle Hungary. For such support he was obliged to pay 40 000 "toliars" a year. Turks wanted more, they reinforced the army with soldiers from Persian borders and marched against Vienna. Turks joint forces with Tatars and took along even Tököly. Besieged Vienna, ravage the all surrounding of the city together with the West Slovakia. Vienna defenders withstand the siege. The polish king Jan Sobiesky came also to the rescue. Together they defeated Turks and Tököly, whose soldiers deserted him. Turks were pushed out with more fights one at Budin the next at Jager.
In 1687 Hungarian parliament accepted Habsburgs as hereditary Hungarian's monarchs and swear newer to defy the king.
In Spania Dolina in 1704 Lutherans were definitively forced out of the church. The priests moved to Banska Bystrica to the house of the Chamber prefect, Tobias Alojz Ruprecht. In 1710 Jesuits officially took over the clergy of Spania Dolina.
In 1723 a tower was added and bells from the belfry Filagoria were moved to the top tower. The church itself was enlarged of a church gallery for to accommodate the large audience.

Baroque reconstruction brought the tower clock (unknown craftsman 1726), the clock worked continuously until 1929. ("Innovator" František Teplan had it removed and put to iron scrap in 1965. Unfortunately being a priest he had the power and let go his stupidity and made a lot of damage such as: he had removed the hand embossed ornaments from the 18th and the pulpit decorated with four evangelists Matus, Marek, Lukas and John, from the 17th century. His deeds explained as being progressive. Today's clock was installed by pastor Ondrej Plsko.)
Monstrance - gold covered silver - was made by B.Bystrica's silversmiths in 1727. The main altar is from 1730

Spania Dolina's church reminded Catholic. The sculpture St. Trinity above the church entrance was a gift from Karol VI for miners had given him in 1730 a huge tray - copper, silver and gold - decorated with scenes of miner's work. In 1751 the church received an organ (author Martin Podkonicky) for 400 golden coins. In 1775 the empress Maria Terezia abolished Jesuit's friars so the pastorate life was taken care of by secular Catholic church.