In the middle ages many Christian fellowships were formed /Fraternitas, Bruderschaft/. They formed so the members attended all sorts of religious ceremonies, maintained churches and altars, as well as provided charity. It is known that the Corpus Christi's Guilds have formed in Slovakia mining towns since 1402. The Banska Bystrica's document from 1463 says, that from an old age the Corpus Christi's Guild has exited in Banska Bystrica and Kremnica. Voluntary miners funds has always been kept in coffers.
Miner's Christian Fraternities devoted themselves to charity and had gradually changed into Guild’s coffers that assisted miners who become ill, disabled, widows and orphans. In 1519 the administration of Banska Bystrica Corpus Christi's Guild limited itself to just providing social benefits, thus the Guild's coffer was established.
Book of accounts from 1722 has revealed that miners and mine's employees decided to donate 3 "groshes" (coppers) from each "zlatka" (golden coin) to support those who become disabled thus lost the chance to provide for themselves. Management of Guild's coffer was run by a Guild's board called die Bruderlanden / Verwaltuhg. 3-4 men represented the board from the clerical staff and 3-4 miners' representatives, all of which had to be approved by the mines supervisor. They could also appoint a clerk who kept accounts and Kramrichter - a clerk that kept records of all gift and finds. A board had to be approved each year by the town municipality.
Guild's coffer was kept in supervisor’s flat, but all foremen shared responsibility for it. Records had to be kept about each contribution and expense. Every new member had to contribute by donating 1/4 of week's wage. If there was surplus, money were donated to charity e.g. to maintain miner's schools. Foreman was provided with a pay for guild's coffer, flag and insignias keeping. Year's statement of account was performed on 2nd of February - Candlemas.
In 1785 the Spania Dolina's coffer encountered deficit of 3 - 5 golden coins. The situation was caused by the circumstances as Mr. Schlug (warden) and Freienfeld (loggings keeper) had recorded:
1) loss of salt/yarn store letting
2) less contributions
3) higher expenses - 174 golden coins a year for two teachers salaries
4) more sick benefits given away to miners
Regular contributions went to the church: wax candles, lamp's oil for the church's perpetual lantern (3 golden coins a month) miner's masses 30 coppers a week, providing 8 “funtov” of white wax candles - 8 golden coins for king's Frantisek and St. Kliment's ceremonies. The church musician, Jan Zvolensky, was paid 1 golden coin a month plus 3 golden coins for the end of year music. Scriber was paid 10 golden coins a year, and two foremen were paid 43,20 golden coins.
The Guild's coffer gave away, in 1785, provisions to 170 men and women, that is 3 coppers a week, and 1 copper a week to 63 children, to sum up = 458 golden coins and 24 coppers.
Miner's surgeon, Vavrineci Failfhauer, lived in the house owned by Guild's Coffer, and was given 150 golden coins a year for pharmaceuticals he needed to cure the Mine's Chamber employees.
In 1854 in consequence of issuing the new General Mining Legislation the regulations of miner's coffers changed; they earned legal grounds and regulations became equal. Each employee needed to become a member and was obligated to pay contributions.
The regulations stated:
1. to administer members birth record
2. amount of contributions and the way to collect them
3. regulations for the benefits rate
4. benefits conditions
5. the way to administer assets and accounts
6. miners shares in administration and accounting mechanism
7. mutual relations in joined guild's coffers
8. assets disposal in case of cessation
In case a mine ceased any possessions there were in its coffer were split up among the members.
State supervision over guild coffers was responsibility of miner's captains. Miner's captaincy was in charge of the coffers in the district. Every personnel change had to be reported.
In 1882 a new regulations, the same for all guild's coffers all over Hungary, were appointed. According to the regulations the entire guild's coffers composed one, common coffer, but could still keep their autonomy. This provided miners with free movement between mining companies and not to loose miner's benefits.
In 1923, a new legislation Collection of laws, Act 242/1923 ordered the miners guilds all over Slovakia and Under Carpathian Russia to join. The common guild's coffer seat, called Regional guild's coffer, was in Bratislava, but not for long. It was closed on 31st December 1940 by the Government legislation 8.11.1940 upon the Act no. 300, Collection of laws. Miners' insurance was taken over by Workers Social Insurance Corporation in Bratislava. |